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| Web URL(s): | http://usgatero.msu.edu/v08/n01.pdf
Last checked: 03/02/3009
Requires: PDF Reader |
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| Publication Type:
| Report |
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| Author(s): | Settle, Derek;
Dernoeden, Peter H. |
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| Author Affiliation: | Settle: Director of Turfgrass Programs, Chicago District Golf Association, Midwest Golf House, Lemont, Illinois; Dernoeden: Professor, Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland |
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| Title: | Evaluation of cytokinian plant extract biostimulants, iron, and nitrogen products for their effects on creeping bentgrass summer quality |
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| Source: | USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online. Vol. 8, No. 1, January 1 2009, p. [1-15]. |
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| Publishing Information: | Far Hills, NJ: United States Golf Association, Green Section |
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| # of Pages: | 17 |
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| Keywords: | TIC Keywords: Cytokinins; Plant extracts; Biostimulants; Iron; Nitrogen; Agrostis stolonifera; Summer; Seasonal quality evaluation; Fertilizer evaluation; Application rates
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| Abstract/Contents: | "The summer quality of creeping bentgrass research greens in Lemont, IL and College Park, MD was monitored in response to six liquid fertilizer and biostimulant products, and urea. The treatments included IronRoots, Roots Concentrate, Knife, PanaSea Plus, Lesco's 12-0-0 Chelated Iron Plus Micronutrients (hereafter Lesco 12-0-0), Ultraplex, urea, IronRoots + urea, Roots Concentrate + urea, and PanaSea Plus + urea. Early in the season in MD, Ultraplex, IronRoots, Knife, Lesco 12-0-0 and treatments containing urea improved turf color and quality compared to the control and often provided for enhancement of color and quality to a high level. In IL, the effects began in July and both Ultraplex and Lesco 12-0-0 consistently improved turf quality and color compared to the control, whereas Knife did not. When data were averaged over the season in both IL and MD, urea alone and treatments containing urea generally provided for best summer quality. There were, however, no significant differences among urea alone, IronRoots + urea, Roots Concentrate + urea, or PanaSea Plus + urea at either site. Treatments containing urea were judged to have provided acceptable quality on every rating date in IL, but not in MD where scalp injury occurred in August 2008. When data were averaged over the 2008 season, Lesco 12-0-0 and Ultraplex provided an acceptable level of quality in both IL and MD, whereas, PanaSea Plus, IronRoots, Roots Concentrate and Knife did not improve quality compared to the control. Urea alone and treatments containing urea helped to mitigate injury from scalping leading to improved turf quality in August in MD. IronRoots generally provided better color than Roots Concentrate, but the iron in the former product did not darken turf as much as the other iron products. Any potential visual benefits from cytokinian-plant extract products (i.e., biostimulants) were masked by the presence of iron or nitrogen in Knife and IronRoots or by the nitrogen in urea when tank-mixed with Roots Concentrate or PanaSea Plus. PanaSea Plus and Roots Concentrate, which do not contain iron or nitrogen, had only a small impact on turf color and quality, and did not improve quality above the minimum acceptable level in most of July and August in MD, or most of August and September in IL. Iron darkens foliage within an hour after application. Darkening of foliage can take the form of a blackish, grayish, or purplish-gray color, which can be objectionable from a distance. When viewing iron-treated turf closely, however, iron improved color and quality. In the presence of scalping, iron intensified the visual appearance of injury in MD by darkening foliage and creating a sharp, reddish-colored contrast. NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetative Index) color ratings were consistently highest in plots treated with urea, IronRoots + urea, Roots Concentrate + urea, and PanaSea Plus + urea in IL (2007 and 2008) and MD (2008). There were, however, no significant NDVI rating differences among treatments containing urea. Iron had little or no effect on color as measured by NDVI in IL or MD when data were averaged over the season. On selected dates, however, plots treated with Ultraplex and Lesco 12-0-0 (both contain iron and nitrogen) had higher NDVI readings versus the control at both sites. Chelated iron darkens the cuticle/mesophyll, but does not enhance green color. The mechanism by which chelated iron darkens leaves is unknown." |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 5 |
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| See Also: | Other Reports from this USGA research project: 2007-27-368 |
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| Note: | Summary as abstract
Pictures, color
Graphs
Tables |
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| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Settle, D., and P. H. Dernoeden. 2009. Evaluation of cytokinian plant extract biostimulants, iron, and nitrogen products for their effects on creeping bentgrass summer quality. USGA Turfgrass Environ. Res. Online. 8(1):p. [1-15]. |
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| Web URL(s):
http://usgatero.msu.edu/v08/n01.pdf
Last checked: 03/02/3009
Requires: PDF Reader |
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MSU catalog number: b3952822a |
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