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| Web URL(s): | http://archive.lib.msu.edu/tic/rpr/2000/72136, U Georgia, Carrow, paspalum.PDF
Last checked: 02/07/2013
Requires: PDF Reader |
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| Publication Type:
| Report |
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| Material Type: | Manuscript |
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| Monographic Author(s): | Carrow, Robert N. |
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| Author Affiliation: | Principal Investigator |
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| Monograph Title: | Seashore Paspalum Ecotype Tolerance to Root Limiting Soil Stresses and Traffic Stresses:; [2000 Annual Report], 2000. |
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| Publishing Information: | [Athens, Georgia]: University of Georgia |
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| # of Pages: | 15 |
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| Collation: | 1, [14] pp. |
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| Abstract/Contents: | "Root Limiting Soil Stresses Component: The breeding/genetics paradigm of Dr. R.R. Duncan's program for seashore paspalum (SP) (Paspalum vaginatum) is to systematically determine ecotype tolerance to important stresses. Of particular interest is genetic-based resistance to soil chemical and physical factors that limit root development/longevity. In this project, SP ecotypes are screened for root responses to 4 of 6 edaphic factors that limit rooting. This multiple stress approach provides important information for SP resistance to individual and multiple soil stresses and is highly effective in identifying SP ecotypes with high nutrient uptake efficiency and drought resistance vias possessing a deep, extensive, viable root system. Root tolerance assessment to the major edaphic stresses has been a "missing ingredient" in almost all breeding programs targeted to improve drought resistance, water-use efficiency, or nutrient-use efficiency. Studies 1 and 2 focus on root-limiting soil stresses often found on non-salt affected sites (as well as on salt affected sites). Quantifying superior performance of seashore paspalums on non-salt affected sites is essential for turf managers who desire to use this species on recreational areas that do not have a salt problem (i.e., the initial objective of the paspalum program has been to develop ecotypes for salt-affected areas but this species has characteristics that make it a viable choice for non-salt affected soils). The four studies under this project are: Study 1. Evaluation of Seashore Paspalum Ecotypes and Selected Grasses To The Acid Soil Complex. Eighty-four seashore paspalum ecotypes and three control grasses (common bermudagrass, Tifway bermudagrass, and Meyer zoysiagrass) were plugged (3.5 in. dia. x 3 in. deep; A = 0.07 ft.2) on 30 June 1998 into two adjacent sites at 4.5 feet centers. Both sites were a Cecil kaolinitic clay soil with 23% clay (A horizon) and 45% (B horizon). Site A was at pH 4.2 to create the acid soil complex stress which consists of Al/Mn toxicities and potential deficiencies of Mg, K, Ca, and P. Site B was at pH 6.5. Both sites imposed the root stresses of high soil strength in a non-cracking soil, drought stress, and high soil temperatures. Study 1 was completed 26 July 1999 and results reported in the 1999 USGA report. Study 2. Fairway Type Seashore Paspalums: Rooting, Water Use, Drought Resistance. Nine seashore paspalum ecotypes and Tifway bermudagrass were extablished 16 July 1998 using a limited quantity of stolons due to availability. Turf coverage, quality, color, and shoot density ratings were intitiated in 1999 and continued through 2000. Rooting and water use (ET) date were also obtained and are under analysis. All grasses were subjected to period dry-down period of 7 to 18 days to induce drought stress. Leaf firing (chlorosis/ yellowing and leaf tissue desiccation induced by drought stress) was used to assess overall drought resistance. For the 9 seashore paspalums the ranges in shoot performance averaged across both years were: 5.8 to 7.4 for turf qualitiy (9.0 = ideal); 6.1 to 7.5 shoot density; and 6.1 to 7.5 color; while Tifway bermudagrass averaged 7.0, 7.1, and 7.3, respectively. Out of a total of 34 shoot performance measurements, grasses ranking in the top (best) statistical group the most frequently were: Sea Isle 1 (34), Temple 1 (31), TCR 6 (28), and Tifway bermudagrass (27), while Adalayd (5) and Ap 1 (3) ranked lowest. During dry-down periods to induce drought stress, grasses exhibiting the least leaf firing averaged over all dry-down periods were: Temple 1 (2% of leaves showing leaf firing); Sea Isle 1 (3%), and Tifway bermudagrass (12%); while the highest leaf firing occured on Q36313 (33%) and Adalayd (27%). These data illustrate: a) certain seashore paspalums exhibit similar shoot quality traits to hybrid bermudagrass; b) some seashore paspalums have equal or better drought resistance than Tifway bermudagrass [research by Huang, Duncan, and Carrow. 1997, Crop Science 37(6): 1858-1863 also demonstrated similar results]; and c) seashore paspalum can perform at high quality and drought resistance levels on non-salt affected sites. Study 3. Traffic Tolerance of Seashore Paspalum Ecotypes. Twenty nine seashore paspalums, three bermudagrasses (TifSport, TifEagle, Tifway), and Meyer Zoysiagrass were stolonized on 12 August 1999. In 2000, these will be assessed for tolerance to: (a) wear, and (b) traffic-wear plus soil compactions. Data are under analysis. Study 4. Salinity and Salinity + Drought Tolerance of Seashore Paspalum Ecotypes. This study will involve 34 seashore paspalums to be screened for salinity tolerance ^D+- drought stress with salinity up to seawater (ECw = 54 d/SM) and applied by overhead irrigation. The greenhouse facility is completed and the study will be conducted starting in January 2001. The study was delayed due to lack of technician support from a frozen open position and another technician with long-term health problems." |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 0 |
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| See Also: | See also related summary article, "Seashore paspalum ecotype tolerance to root limiting soil stresses and traffic stresses", 2000 Turfgrass and Environmental Research Summary [USGA], 2000, p. 34, R=72136. R=72136 |
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| Note: | Also appears as pp. 548-562 in the USGA Turfgrass Research Committee Reporting Binders for 2000
"October 2000"
Tables |
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