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| Web URL(s): | http://archive.lib.msu.edu/tic/rpr/2000/72145,%20%20Texas A&M, Reinert, resistance.PDF
Last checked: 02/11/2013
Requires: PDF Reader |
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| Publication Type:
| Report |
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| Material Type: | Manuscript |
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| Monographic Author(s): | Reinert, James A.; Taliaferro, Charles; Engelke, M. C.; Read, James C.; White, Richard; Hale, Trent; Dudeck, A. E.; Wiseman, B. R.; Hanna, Wayne; Burton, Glenn; Riordan, Terry; Duncan, Ronnie |
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| Author Affiliation: | Reinert: Texas A&M Univ. System Res. & Ext. Center; Taliaferro: OK State Univ., Stillwater, OK; Engelke and Read: TAMU, Dallas, TX; White: TAMU, College Station, TX; Hale: Ph.D. Candidate, TAMU, College Station, TX; Dudeck: Univ. FL, Gainesville, FL; Wiseman, Hanna, and Burton: USDA, Tifton, GA.; Riordan: Univ. NB, Lincoln, NB; and Duncan: Univ. GA, Griffin, GA |
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| Monograph Title: | Establish a Regional Center to Identify Genetic Insect & Mite Pest Resistance: Third Year Annual Report, 2000. |
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| Publishing Information: | Dallas, Texas: Texas A&M System Research and Extension Center |
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| # of Pages: | 11 |
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| Collation: | 11 pp. |
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| Abstract/Contents: | "A Regional Center was established to screen and evaluate turfgrass germplasm for resistance to insect and mite pests. The primary goal for this Center has been to identify genetic lines of bermudagrass, zoysiagrass, buffalograss, seashore paspalum, bentgrass and bluegrass with resistance to the primary pests; caterpillars (fall armyworms, black cutworms, sod webworms), white grubs, billbugs and several host specific eriophyid mites, and to characterize the mechanisms of resistance. This process requires the development of efficient screening procedures to effectively identify genetic resistance to target pests. A secondary goal is for the cooperative grass breeders to incorporate the insect and mite pest resistance identified into agronomically acceptable cultivars for use in the landscape to help eliminate our dependency on pesticides in this multi-billion dollar turf industry. Work has continued with elite germplasm of bermudagrass (Cynadon spp.) from the breeding program under Dr. Charles Taliaferro at Oklahoma State University, Stillwater and cultivars of bermudagrass from the NTEP bermudagrass trail under the supervision of Dr. Richard White at Texas A&M University, College Station. Additional work has continued with zoysiagrass hybrids (Zoysia spp.) and bluegrass hybrids (Poa spp.) from the breeding programs of Dr. Milt Engelke and Dr. James Read, respectively, at the Texas A&M University Research & Extension Center at Dallas. The bermudagrass mite (Eriophyes cynodoniensis) has consistently been a major pest of many commonly used cultivars of bermudagrass used throughout the southern US. It is a pest in the landscape, on golf courses and it causes considerable loss of production in the Arizona seed industry. An experiment with 83 bermudagrass cultivars and genotypes was established to characterize resistance or level of susceptibility to injury by the bermudagrass mite. Bermudagrass genotypes can be groups into five levels of mite infestation: 0.0 rosettes (9 lines); 0.1-0.4 (14 lines); 0.5-1.9 (16 lines); 2.0-9.9 (16 lines); 10.0-19.9 (12 lines) and 20.0+ (16 lines). Any or all of the genotypes with 0.0 to 0.4 rosettes per plant (first two groups) could be resistant to the bermudagrass mite or they may have been missed by the testing procedure. The level of confidence in these results increases the higher the number of rosettes. Plants with infestation levels of 0.5 to 1.9 rosettes per plant could be designated as moderately resistant. All plants with 2.0 or more rosettes per 7.5 x 7.5 cm plant should be considered as susceptible to the bermudagrass mite. Based upon this data, cultivars considered highly susceptible are Floradwarf, Champion, Lakewood, Tifdwarf, Baby, Majestic, Ormond, Tifgreen, Tif Eagle, Shangra La, MS Supreme, Blue-Muda and Southern Star. The hunting billbugs (Sphenophorus venatus vestitus) causes some of the most commonly misdiagnosed damage associated with zoysiagrass and bermudagrass. Their damage in quite often identified as either drought, dormancy, chinch bug or white grub feeding, or even on of several disease infections. Increasingly higher populations of this billbug have been observed over the past 10 to 15 years and it is often responsible for extensive turf damage or loss of sod production in both zoysiagrass and bermudagrass. An experiment was established to evalute nine zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) cultivars for resistance to the hunting billbug. cages (8 ft diam.) were used to confine adults of the hunting billbug on nine cultivars of zoysiagrass. A paired cage arrangement was used so treated plants could be directly compared with untreated paired plants. Plants were established and billbugs introduced in mid June 2000. Surface growth and damage was evaluated by ranking each test plant on a scale of 1 to 9 with 1=severe damage, 9=no damage. All plants were harvested and bagged in late Sept. 2000 by excavating the entire plant from the sand. Total rhizome and stolon length was measured and total plant biomass was collected to be oven dried and weighed. Stolons and rhizomes from each treated plant was also evaluated for feeding damage. When plants from the treated cages (with billbugs) were ranked and compared with the untreated plants, Diamond exhibited the least leaf firing damage, followed by DALZ9601. Additionally, El Toro, Cavalier and Royal sustained less damage than Crowne, DeAnza Palisades and Meyer. Meyer sustained the most billbug feeding. Meyer has now been documented as highly susceptible to zoysiagrass mite, fall armyworm, tropical sod webworm, tawny mole cricket, differential grasshopper and hunting billbug. Data for the total plant biomass and total length of rhizome and stolon have not been processed yet, but visual evaluations during the harvesting process support these results. This data provides the first documented report of resistance to the hunting billbug in zoysiagrass." |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 0 |
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| See Also: | See also related summary article, "Identification of genetic insect and mite pest in turfgrass" 2000 Turfgrass and Environmental Research Summary [USGA], 2000, p. 43, R=72145. R=72145 |
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| Note: | Tables
"Third Year Annual Report - November 1, 2000"
Also appears as pp. 516-526 in the USGA Turfgrass Research Committee Reporting Binders for 2000. |
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| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
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