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| Web URL(s): | http://archive.lib.msu.edu/tic/rpr/1999/72277,%20STRI,%20Baker.PDF
Last checked: 02/21/2013
Requires: PDF Reader |
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| Publication Type:
| Report |
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| Material Type: | Manuscript |
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| Monographic Author(s): | Baker, Stephen W.; Binns, D. J. |
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| Author Affiliation: | The Sports Turf Research Institute |
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| Monograph Title: | Layers in Golf Green Construction: [1999 Annual Report], 1999. |
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| Publishing Information: | Bingley, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom: The Sports Turf Research Institute |
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| # of Pages: | 18 |
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| Collation: | [2], 1-4, 6-17 pp. |
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| Abstract/Contents: | "The USGA recommendations for putting green construction allow for either a two-layered profile (i.e. a rootzone layer over a drainage layer) or a three-layered profile, which includes an intermediate layer between the rootzone and drainage layers. The main purpose of the intermediate layer is to prevent finer particles from the rootzone migrating downwards and blocking the pore space within the drainage layer when relatively coarse gravels are used. The objectives of the current study were, firstly, to examine how variation in particle size and shape within the intermediate and drainage layers affected moisture retention in the rootzone. Secondly, to assess rates of particle migration from the rootzone into the drainage layer in relation to particle size differences between the two layers. For two layered profiles, constructed in 300 mm diameter columns under laboratory conditions, increases in the size of the underlying gravel caused a slight increase in water retention in the rootzone after gravitational drainage. For example, water retained in the upper 150 mm of the rootzone after 48 hours drainage averaged 25.1 mm for the finest gravel (D15 = 2.2 mm) compared with 27.4 mm for the coarsest gravel (D15 = 5.6 mm). In a second study, the effects of different intermediate layers were examined, using a 1-4 mm grit with increasing amounts (0-50%) of either coarse sand (0.5 - 1.0 mm) or medium-coarse sand (0.25 - 1.0 mm). Although increases in the amount of fine material within the intermediate layer caused greater water retention in the intermediate layer, this had no significant effect on the moisture content of the rootzone. In the two layered profiles, particle migration from the rootzone into the drainage layer was examined after the application of 3000 mm of water over a period of thirty weeks. Plaster of Paris and epoxy resin containing a fluorescent dye were used to stabilize the profiles so that they could be sectioned and photographed under ultraviolet light. Particle migration was minimal except when a very dry rootzone based on a medium sand (89% < 0.5 mm) was placed over coarse gravel (D15 > = 4.4 mm). Even for these profiles, no more than 34% of the pore space within the gravel immediately below the rootzone/gravel interface was blocked by rootzone material. At depths of more than 25 mm below the interface, no more than 10% blockage of the pore space was recorded. On the basis of the results, it is proposed that in two layered profiles criteria for the bridging factor between the rootzone layer and the drainage layer should be relaxed. Furthermore, the amount of material between 0.25 mm and 1.0 mm within the intermediate layer can be increased when three layered profiles are used." Includes: Introduction; Materials and Methods (Part 1. Particle Migration and Water Retention in Situations Where the Rootzone Directly Overlies the Gravel Layer; Part 2. Water Retention in the Rootzone Layer Over Intermediate Layers of Varying Size Composition); Results (Moisture Distribution After 48 Hours Gravitational Drainage for Rootzones Placed Directly Over the Gravel Drainage Layer; Moisture Distribution After 48 Hours Gravitational Drainage for Rootzone Material Placed Over Intermediate layers of Varying Size Composition; Particle Migration); Discussion; and Recommendations. |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 0 |
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| See Also: | See also related summary article, "Layers in golf green construction", 1999 Turfgrass and Environmental Research Summary [USGA], 1999, p. 6-7, R=72277. R=72277 |
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| Note: | "20 December 1999"
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Last checked: 02/21/2013
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