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| Web URL(s): | http://archive.lib.msu.edu/tic/rpr/1998/61848,%20Texas%20A&M, Reinert.PDF
Last checked: 03/15/2013
Requires: PDF Reader |
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| Publication Type:
| Report |
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| Material Type: | Manuscript |
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| Monographic Author(s): | Reinert, James A.; Taliaferro, Charles; Hanna, Wayne; Burton, Glenn; Engelke, M. C.; Read, James C.; Colbaugh, Phillip F.; Riordan, Terry; Duncan, Ronnie; White, Richard; Hale, Trent; Wiseman, B. R. |
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| Author Affiliation: | Reinert: Texas A&M Univ. System Res. & Ext. Center, Dallas, TX; Taliaferro: OK State Univ., Stillwater, OK; Hanna and Burton: USDA, Tifton, GA; Engelke, Read, Colbaugh: TAMU, Dallas, TX; Riordan, Univ. NB, Lincoln, NB; Duncan: Univ. GA, Griffin, GA; White and Hale: TAMU, College Station, TX; and Wiseman: USDA, Tifton, GA |
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| Monograph Title: | Establish a Regional Center to Identify Genetic Insect and Mite Pest Resistance: First Annual Report, 1998. |
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| Publishing Information: | Dallas, Texas: Texas A&M University System Research & Extension Center |
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| # of Pages: | 14 |
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| Collation: | 14 pp. |
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| Abstract/Contents: | "The Project has established a Regional Center to screen and evaluate turfgrass germplasm for resistance to insect and mite pests. The primary goal of the project is to identify genetic lines of bermudagrass, zoysiagrass, buffalograss, seashore paspalum, bentgrass and bluegrass with resistance to the primary pests; caterpillars (fall armyworms, black cutworms, sod webworms) and host specific eriophyid mites, and characterize the mechanisms of resistance. Initial work has been initiated with elite germplasm of bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) from Dr. Charles Taliferro's breeding program at Oklahoma State University and with commercial cultivars under culture at the TAMU-Dallas Center. Thirty-two bermudagrass hybrids and nine commercial cultivars were evaluated by feeding 4-day-old larvae on them in no-choice feeding studies. Among the hyrbids, 4200W 49-17, 4200W 53-1, and 4200W 55-5 (Table 3) produced the highest mortality with from 42 to 52% mortality, identified as failure of the individuals to emerge as adults from the pupa stage. Also, 3200W 70-18 provided 37% mortality at adult emergence with 3200W 94-2, 4200W 38-2, 3200W 18-11 and 3200W 30-20 each producing 33% mortality. These same grasses with the exceptions of 4200W55-5 and 4200W 38-2, usually produced the smaller larvae with weighed at 10 days. At the other end on the gradient, CCB 24-4 and 3200W 6-12 were the most susceptible hosts and produced only 4% mortality of the fall armyworm larvae. Among the commercial bermudagrass cultivars, mortality was 8.25% or less at 17 days for all of the cultivars and 20.6% or less at adult emergence. Fall armyworm development was slowest with the smallest larae and pupa on Common, but this experiment supports previous experiments that Common is not resistant and is a relatively good host for this insect pest. None of the cultivars of bermudagrass in this experiment or in the above experiments exhibit an acceptable level of resistance to the fall armyworm. These experiments support the hypophysis that new cultivars may be developed that are superior to existing cultivars in pest resistance. Residential landscapes are frequently invaded by large populations of grasshoppers that develop in adjacent landscapes or in agricultural lands. These invasions occur annually in late summer to autumn in some areas, but high populations tend to cycle every three to five years across the southern or southwestern states. Representative cultivars of cool and warm season turfgrasses (Tall fescue, 'Reveille' hybrid bluegrass, Syn1 Texas bluegrass, 'Tifway' bermudagrass, 'Common' bermudagrass, 'Raleigh' St. Augustinegrass, 'Meyer' zoysiagrass, 'Cavalier' zoysiagrass, 'Prairie' Buffalograss and Johnsongrass were evaluated for feeding preference or resistance to adult feeding by the differential grasshopper (Melanoplus differentialis). The degree of feeding was ranked (rank = 0-5: 0 = no feeding during the test period, 5 = near complete consumption of ration) and measured by the number and weight of fecal pellets during the feeding period. Based upon ranked feeding and the number and weight of fecal pellets after 2-days of feeding, tall fescue was the most preferred host evaluated. 'Reveille' hybrid bluegrass, Tufway and Common bermudagrass, Syn1 Texas bluegrass and Meyer zoysiagrass were also highly preferred hosts based upon fecal pellet weights. 'Prairie' buffalograss and 'Cavalier' zoysiagrass were resistance to the grasshoppers and exhibited very low feeding damage, and fecal pellets. These trends held true throughout the 8-day feeding period of the test." |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 0 |
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| See Also: | See also related summary article, "Identification of genetic insect and mite pest resistance in turfgrasses", 1998 Turfgrass and Environmental Research Summary [USGA], 1998, p. 43-44, R=61848. R=61848 |
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| Note: | Also appears as pp. 269-282 in the USGA Turfgrass Research Committee Reporting Binders for 1998.
"First Annual Report - November 2, 1998"
"(USGA Green Section Research & Texas Research Foundation Project 440291-0001)"
Tables |
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