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| Web URL(s): | http://archive.lib.msu.edu/tic/rpr/1985/7721, Texas A&M, Engelke, zoysia.PDF
Last checked: 04/01/2013
Requires: PDF Reader |
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| Publication Type:
| Report |
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| Material Type: | Manuscript |
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| Monographic Author(s): | Engelke, M. C.; Kenna, Michael P. |
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| Author Affiliation: | Engelke: Principle Investigator, Turfgrass Breeder and Geneticist, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station - Dallas, Texas A&M University System; and Kenna: Postdoctoral Research Assistant |
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| Monograph Title: | Breeding and Development of Zoysiagrass: Second Annual Progress Report, 1985. |
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| Publishing Information: | Dallas, Texas: Texas Agricultural Experiment Station - Dallas, Texas A&M University System |
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| # of Pages: | 42 |
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| Collation: | [2], 40 pp. |
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| Abstract/Contents: | "The USGA/TAES Zoysiagrass Breeding and Development Program is a diverse, multifacited approach to expand and improve upon the existing cultivars of the Zoysia species. Emphasis is placed on turfgrass adaption to the natural environment through breeding and selection, rather than adapting the environment to turfgrasses with little natural adaption. Constant observation of the Oriental and domestic zoysiagrass plant collection, or 'germplasm', reveals both the strengths and weakness of this turfgrass. Recently, unique leaf roll and leaf curl symptoms were observed in several Oriental accessions. The causal agent of this biological abnormality is an Eriophyd mite (Eriphyes zoysiae) and is new to the United States. However, preliminary observations indicate that resistance to the pest exists within the Oriental germplasm. A taxonomic study of the Zoysia ssp. germplasm was initiated to gain a better understanding of their breeding behavior. Initially 18 morphological characteristics were measured on a random sample (n=46) of the original 731 Oriental zoysiagrass. Statistical analysis of these multiple traits suggest at least five distinct groups were present within this sample using both floral and agronomic traits. In a expanded evaluation involving 417 accessions, inflorescence length appears as a strong destinctive character to separate into groups. Currently vegetative characters are being examined on a large sample of Oriental accessions to further develop and substantiate the current groups or species in the germplasm. The genetic variability within the Oriental germplasm continues to be evaluated in the field, greenhouse, and laboratory. Field notes were taken during the last year for fall color, growth rate, leaf type, spring green-up, flowering habit, percent cover, dormancy, and canopy temperature. Significant variation exists within the germplasm for all of these characters, and the probability of creating genotypes which possess favorable gene combinations for several of these characters are excellent. A study investigating the cross-compatibility and self-incompatibility of the accessions in the germplasm was initiated during Spring 1985 in both the greenhouse and the field. This information will help determine if open-pollinated populations with little selfing can be used for effective genetic recombination of the important turfgrass characteristics. A commercially available Korean zoysiagrass seed stock was screened for tolerance to high soil temperatures and low soil moisture. Plants selected for superior perfomancee during prolonged temperature and moisture stress (Population A), and those selected for their ability to recover from stress conditions (Population B) differed significantly from an unselected based population. A field study using the selected and unselected populations was initiated to further examine the tolerance of this plant material to heat and moisture stress in the natural environment. This field investigation will help substantiate the effectiveness of the greenhouse soil heat bench selection technique. Attempts to produce single cross hybrids between individual zoysiagrass accessions were unsuccessful thus far. Several crossing techniques will be evaluated during the next year. A pollen storage method will also be investigated to help cross plants in which flowering times are not synchronized. A growth chamber constructed during the last year was useful in initiating plants to flower. Open-pollinated seedlings from plants which flowered in the greenhouse during 1983 and 1984 were planted to the field Summer 1985. Eighty-six families (i.e., the maternal parent and its open-pollinated offspring) were established in a replicated field trial to study the level of genetic variation for major agronomic characters, and provide accurate estimates of heritability. Such information is essential in determining the most effective breeding method to employ in cultivar development. Forty cultivars were evaluated for sod strength and rate of regrowth after sod harvest. Three accessions (DALZ8501, DALZ8502, and DALZ8503) have outstanding rhizome regrowth potential while retaining excellent turfgrass characteristics. This finding should have a substantial impact on the sod industry in future years. These accessions, along with several others from the Oriental germplasm, and all the commercially available cultivars will be planted into new variety trial in Spring 1986. A seed production trial was also initiated August 1985 to help determine the potential for a seeded zoysiagrass variety." |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 10 |
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| See Also: | See also related summary article, "Breeding and development of zoysiagrass", Annual Turfgrass Research Report [USGA/GCSAA], 1985, pp. 17-18, R=7721. R=7721 |
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| Note: | Includes index; p. 1
"Jointly Sponsored by: United State Golf Association and Texas Agricultural Experiment Station"
"November 1, 1985"
"Second Annual Zoysia Progress Report"
"Research period for this report: September 1, 1984 to November 1, 1985"
"Second Annual Zoysia Report - 1985"
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Last checked: 04/01/2013
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