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| Web URL(s): | http://archive.lib.msu.edu/tic/rpr/1996/Turfgrass/46549, U Arizona, Brown.PDF
Last checked: 11/06/2013
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| Publication Type:
| Report |
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| Material Type: | Manuscript |
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| Monographic Author(s): | Brown, Paul W.; Mancino, Charles F.; Thompson, Thomas; Wierenga, Peter J.; Kopec, David M.; Young, Michael H.; Otto, Duane K. |
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| Monograph Title: | Turfgrass Irrigation With Municipal Effluent: Nitrogen Fate, Turf Crop Coefficients and Water Requirements: [1996 Annual Progress Report], 1996. |
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| Publishing Information: | Tucson, Arizona: Karsten Laboratory and Desert Turfgrass Research Facility, University of Arizona |
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| # of Pages: | 16 |
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| Collation: | [16] pp. |
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| Abstract/Contents: | "The fate of applied nitrogen (N) and turfgrass water use in high maintenance turfgrass systems irrigated with potable (well) water and effluent (wastewater) are being studied using two large weighing lysimeters located at the University of Arizona Karsten Turfgrass Research Center. Each water source is applied to a single lysimeter at rates sufficient to prevent water stress of 'Tifway' bermudagrass (summer) and 'Froghair' intermediate ryegrass (winter). The lysimeters, 13' deep and 8' in diameter, weigh approximately 100,000 lbs each and employ truck scales to measure changes in lysimeter mass due to evaporation. Sampling ports, located at a depth of 3.3' and then every additional 1.6' to a depth of 11.6', provide access to the lysimeter soil for extraction of soil water and measurement of soil water status. Nitrogen, applied as labaled (N15) ammonium sulfate, is applied to both lysimeters every two weeks. The rate of N applied to the lysimeter receiving wastewater is adjusted downward to ensure both lysimeters receive similar levels of N. A complete meteorological station is located at the lysimeter facility to provide environmental data required for estimating reference evapotranspiration (ETo). Turf responded positively to irrigation with wastewater, and generated more biomass than turf irrigated with potable water. The first 14 months of the study revealed nitrogen uptake of 223 lbs N/A and overall N use efficiency of 61% for turf irrigated with wastewater. This compares positively with a N uptake rate of 173 lbs N/A/ and a N use efficiency of 42% for turf irrigated with potable water during the same period. The uptake of fertilizer N in aboveground biomass was lower than for total N uptake. Fertilizer uptake efficiency totaled 26% and 22% for turf irrigated with wastewater and potable water, respectively. The low uptake efficiency of fertilizer N is not fully understood, though analysis of soil solution samples and drainage water indicate the losses are not due to leaching. Possible causes may be immobilization in the below ground plant and microbial biomass of loss through denitrification. Turf water use is determined from daily changes in lysimeter mass with appropriate compensation for irrigation and rainfall. The ratio of actual turf water use to ETo, referred to as the crop coefficient (Kc), is required to convert ETo to turf water use for irrigation purposes. Five popular methods of estimating ETo are presently under evaluation - the Penman Equations used by the four regional public weather networks (Arizona, California, New Mexico and Southern Nevada) and the Penman Montieth Equation. Results from the second year of study show the five methods of estimating ETo differ by as much as 30%, showing a clear need to match Kc with the method of ETo estimation. Appropriate bermudagrass Kcs for the give methods of estimating ETo varied from 0.64 to 0.85 for turf irrigated with potable water and 0.66 to 0.86 for turf irrigated with wastewater. Ryegrass Kc values ranged from 0.57 to 0.80 for turf irrigated with potable water and 0.57 to 0.84 for turf irrigated with wastewater. The higher water use (Kcs) observed with wastewater irrigation was associated with higher biomass production. Comparison of seasonal Kcs for 1995 and 1996 revealed slightly lower Kcs in 1996, regardless of ETo procedure. This project will conclude at the end of the winter turf season in May of 1997. The investigators will focus their future efforts on completing the remaining analyses and writing the final project report. Project expenditures totaled $21,535 in the year ended 31 October 1996. Outlays for technician salaries and a graduate stipend totaled $14,412. Outlays for project operations, travel to professional meetings and indirect costs totaled $3,163, $1,141 and $2819, respectively. Personnel time devoted to this research were as follows: Paul Brown (PI:20%), Tom Thompson (PI:10%), Duane Otto (Graduate Student:25%), Telesphory Machibya (Lysimeter Technician: 40%) and Scott White (Lab Technician: 10%)." |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 4 |
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| See Also: | See also related summary article "Turfgrass irrigation with municipal effluent: Nitrogen fate, turf Kc values and water requirements" 1996 Turfgrass and Environmental Research Summary, 1996, pp. 34-35, R=46549. R=46549 |
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| Note: | Also appears as pp. 00330-00346 in the USGA Turfgrass Research Committee Reporting Binders for 1996.
"1996 Annual Progress Report"
Graphs |
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| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
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Last checked: 11/06/2013
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