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| Web URL(s): | http://archive.lib.msu.edu/tic/rpr/1991/Turfgrass/29722,%20U%20Illinois,%20Smith.PDF
Last checked: 12/06/2013
Requires: PDF Reader |
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| Publication Type:
| Report |
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| Material Type: | Manuscript |
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| Monographic Author(s): | Smith, M. A. L. |
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| Author Affiliation: | University of Illinois |
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| Monograph Title: | [A Realistic Whole Plant Microculture Selection System for Turfgrasses: 1991 Annual Research Report], 1991. |
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| Publishing Information: | [Urbana-Champaign, Illinois]: University of Illinois |
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| # of Pages: | 4 |
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| Collation: | [1], 3 pp. |
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| Abstract/Contents: | "New methods for assessing the responses of grass lines to salinity in the root zone are required to help identify selections with potential for use on marginal sites. The response of a turfgrass cultivar to salt stress is an important evaluation criterion, because the demand for new selections that will tolerate saline conditions is escalating. A variety of systems have been developed to rate the response of grasses to salts in the root zone, yet the plant growth stage and the selection criteria have varied between tests. Inconsistencies in environmental test conditions also tend to bias the ratings and preclude direct comparisons. Due to the experimental complexity involved, few screens have attempted to gauge comprehensive salt stress reactions of entire grass plants over time. Some plant adaptations, notably those in the root zone, are particularly difficult to observe or quantify. Solution batch culture and whole plant microculture techniques were comparatively evaluated for paired cultivars from 3 turfgrass species (bermudagrass, creeping bentgrass and St. Augustinegrass) to evaluate shoot and root zone (using machine vision), and osmotic adjustment responses within the test environments. While all of the turfgrass cultivars exhibited growth reductions under conditions of elevated salinity stress, the degree of response was more dramatic for cultivars of bermudagrass and St. Augustinegrass which had previously been rated as salt-sensitive in field evaluations. Morphometric shoot growth evaluations between solution culture and whole plant microculture tests exhibited similar trends, while root responses were more variable in microculture. Osmotic adaptation responses were highly correlated between solution culture and whole plant microculture. In general, the whole plant microculture system provided a simpler, smaller scale test environment which allowed non-intrusive evaluation of salt stress adaptation over the course of the screening test. Now that we have validated the system using lines with established salt tolerance [ST] or salt susceptible characteristics (as identified by breeders in extensive field tests), we see the project extending in two important ways. First, the WPMC system can be used to test the ST of unique germplasm developed using the tools of biotechnology. In vitro methods for manipulating turfgrass lines have very recently been worked out for many important species. Cell level screening for ST (with callus cells growing on high salt media) can be an effective way to rapidly isolate unique lines with cell level tolerance to salt. It has traditionally been difficult to make the transition to a field population for whole plant level testing of the new grass line, to verify that it has good field tolerance for salt. The WPMC system can provide an excellent vehicle to facilitate that intermediate testing stage; to quickly and efficiently identify and isolate cell lines selected through biotechnology, and demonstrate practical benefits of the grass selection. Towards this objective, I currently have a student working with callus generation/regeneration of turfgrass callus on high salt media, and testing these new regenerated lines using the WPMC system. As you observed in my laboratory, image analysis is used both at the callus stage and the whole plant microculture stage to rigorously evaluate experimental performance. Secondly, the WPMC system we have developed can be an effective tool to test turfgrasses for other stresses (heat, drought tolerance, etc.). We can establish an effective link with traditional turfgrass breeders at this point for pretesting new lines they have developed, prior to scaling up for full field testing of the turf. This would be testing of new selections (potential commercial lines) produced by conventional breeding techniques, rather than by any in vitro biotechnology. The same very practical, controlled test approach can be utilized." |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 0 |
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| See Also: | See also related summary article "A realistic whole plant microculture selection system for turfgrasses" 1991 Turfgrass Research Summary [USGA/GCSAA], 1991, p. 10, R=29722. R=29722 |
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| Note: | "Annual Report to the USGA - November, 1991" |
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| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
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http://archive.lib.msu.edu/tic/rpr/1991/Turfgrass/29722,%20U%20Illinois,%20Smith.PDF
Last checked: 12/06/2013
Requires: PDF Reader |
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