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| Web URL(s): | http://archive.lib.msu.edu/tic/rpr/2000/72148,%20%20OK%20State,%20Anderson.PDF
Last checked: 02/11/2013
Requires: PDF Reader |
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| Publication Type:
| Report |
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| Material Type: | Manuscript |
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| Monographic Author(s): | Anderson, Michael P.; Guenzi, Arron C.; Taliaferro, Charles M. |
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| Author Affiliation: | Co-Investigator |
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| Monograph Title: | Transformation of Bermudagrass for Improved Fungal Tolerance: USGA Green Section Annual Report, 2000. |
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| Publishing Information: | Stillwater, Oklahoma: Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University |
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| # of Pages: | 10 |
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| Collation: | 10 pp. |
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| Abstract/Contents: | "Spring dead spot is a major bermudagrass disease in the Southern United States. The causal agent is Ophiosphaerella herpotricha and Ophiosphaerella korrea. The most susceptible varities include many high quality vegetatively propagated bermudagrasses. Improvement in resistance in these sexually isolated lines requires the development of genetic transformation protocols. The objectivies of this work is to first develop an efficient bermudagrass transformation system, second, to isolate genes and/or factors with specific activity against the causal agent of spring dead spot and other fungal diseases, and third, to utilize these agents or genes to increase resistance to fungal diseases. Transofmration of the bermudagrass variety Brazos was performed using the BiolisticsTM bombardment with DNA containing an expression cassette that included the bar gene coupled to a constitutive ubiquitin promoter. The bar gene codes for an enzyme that metabolizes the herbicide LibertyTM (bialaphos). After bombardment, Liberty was used in the selection media to screen for resistant transgenic tissues. Exhaustive evaluation of all 671 putative transformants indicated that none of these plants were transgenic. New transformation experiments utilizing higher concentrations of bialaphos have been initiated. A gene construct with a hygromycin resistance gene is also being assembled to be evaluated for bermudagrass transformation. Screening of elite lines in the bermudagrass breeding program has been identified a turf-type genotype (PCR-58) with tissue culture and plant regeneration capabilities similar to Brazos. PCR-58 will be utilized in future transformation experiments. A mircoorganism with potent activity against O. herpotricha was recently isolated and identified. Activity of the antifungal factor was stable in vitro over a six-month period. The microorganism was identified to the genus level using GC-FAME, Biolog, and 16S ribosomal sequence analysis. Activity was due to the secretion of several potent antifungal factors that were stable under the harshest conditions. Isolation of the factor using preparative SDS-PAGE and reverse phase chromatography was successful. In addition, a new purification procedure was developed to permit the purification of large quantities of the bioactive substance. The active compunds were identified through mass spectroscopy and other analytical techniques. Currently we are interested in developing either the microorganism or the antifungal factor as a biocontrol agent. We also isolated eight additional endogenous microorganisms wth antifungal activity from bermudagrass crown tissues. The microorganisms were identified using their 16S ribosomal sequence. Characterization of the active components is in progress. In order to study the basic biology of spring dead spot we developed a sensitive assay that is capable of quantitatively determining the relative infection state of bermudagrass crown tissues. We hope to use the assay to track the progress of infection in the field throughout the year. A functional genomic analysis was initiated during the past year to study gene expression profiles between tolerant (OkSU 91-11) and susceptible (Jackpot) varieties when infected with O. herpotricha. Suppression-substractive hybridization (SSH) libraries were created to identify genes that are up or down-regulated in response to fungal infection. These clones are currently being sequenced and they will be utilized to study bermudagrass defense responses to O. herpotricha." |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 0 |
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| See Also: | See also related summary article, "Transformation of bermudagrass for improved fungal resistance", 2000 Turfgrass and Environmental Research Summary [USGA], 2000, p. 46, R=72148. R=72148 |
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| Note: | Pictures, b/w
Figures
Tables
Graphs
"USGA Green Section Annual Report"
"FY2000"
Also appears as pp. 469-478 in the USGA Turfgrass Research Committee Reporting Binders for 2000. |
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| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
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Last checked: 02/11/2013
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